H2 Maths Formulas, Techniques & Graphs >> Vectors >> 3D Vector Geometry >> Planes >>
Equation of plane in Parametric, Scalar-product & Cartesian form
Parametric form
The vector equation of plane p in parametric form is given by p:r=a+λb1+μb2,0λ,μ∈R
r is the position vector of a point on plane p (i.e. →OR)
a is the position vector of a known point on plane p (i.e. →OA)
b1 is a direction vector on plane p
b2 is another direction vector on plane p
Scalar-product form
The vector equation of plane p in scalar-product form is given by p:r⋅n=d
r is the position vector of a point on plane p (i.e. →OR)
n is the normal vector of the plane. It can be obtained from the vector product of two direction vectors on the plane.
d is a constant which is equals to the value of a⋅n, where a is the position vector a known point on plane p (i.e. →OA)
Cartesian equation
General form: ax+by+cz=d
Convert from one form to the other
Convert from Parametric form to Cartesian equation
p1:r=(123)+λ(10−1)+μ(011),0λ,μ∈R(10−1)×(011)=(0−(−1)0−11−0)n=(1−11)d=a⋅n=(123)⋅(1−11)=1+(−2)+3=2Scalar-product form,0p1:r⋅(1−11)=2(xyz)⋅(1−11)=2x+(−y)+z=2Cartesian equation: 0x−y+z=2
Convert from Cartesian equation to Parametric equation
Cartesian equation of p2:0x+2y+z=5(xyz)⋅(121)=5Scalar-product form, 0p2:r⋅(121)=5
By guess-and-check or observation, find three points that lie on p2. With the three points, we can form two direction vectors:
(500)⋅(121)=5(02.50)⋅(121)=5(005)⋅(121)=5∴(5,0,0),(0,2.5,0) and (0,0,5) lie on p2(500)−(02.50)=(5−2.50)=2.5(2−10)(500)−(005)=(50−5)=5(10−1)Parametric form, p2:r=(500)+α(2−10)+β(10−1),0α,β∈R
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